SS9 Industrial Revolution Newspaper
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Find a list of all the books on the Industrial Revolution that are in Clayton Heights Library.
Suggested Websites
Industrial Revolution The term industrial revolution refers to the shift from a traditionally agriculturally based economy to one based on the mechanized production of manufactured goods in large-scale enterprises. As explained on this web site, the industrial revolution occurred at different times in different countries. You will learn about the specifics of the industrial revolution in Great Britain where the first one occurred. New social and vocational classes emerged, and the organization of work changed.
The Industrial Revolution Investigate the possible origins of the word sabotage from the early factories and railroads of France. Before the Industrial Revolution, most people in Britain worked as small farmers. Steam pumps were used in mining instead of hauling water one bucket at a time. Inventions improved weaving efficiency, taking textiles out of the cottages and into mills. In America, muskets and lumber began to be made in factories.
Victorians The Victorian era is known as a time when Great Britain was extremely powerful and dominated the industrial world and this collection of resources allows you to comprehend what life was like in Great Britain during this time period. You will find a wide variety of information on the people, events, and many changes that shaped history.
World History: The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in the early 19th century. In the Neolithic Revolution, people went from nomadic hunter-gatherers to agrarian society. They were living on farms and bartering with their neighbors. The Industrial Revolution was the urbanization and mechanicalization of a rural, agricultural society. People moved to cities to find jobs, worked in factories, and began to buy consumer goods.
The Textile Industry
Water Power and the Cotton Factory: Richard Arkwright at Cromford Come see a fantastic look at the town of Cromford, England which is known as the place where Sir Richard Arkwright developed cotton manufacturing. This is not your average slide show for it contains magnificent descriptions of each of the places discussed. We get a chance to see Masson Mill and the community developed for the workers complete with rowhouses and a school.
Weaving a Fine Web The invention of the flying shuttle in 1733 had a major impact on textiles and the Industrial Revolution. Because of John Kay’s invention, wider pieces of textiles could now be made at a faster rate of production. But this was not always good news for John Kay. In the years following his invention, manufacturers began duplicating the flying shuttle and Kay never received any of the royalties.
Coal Industry
Coal and the Industrial Revolution The story of coal is said to have the answers needed to explain the nature of today's fossil-fueled world, but this story seems to be missing in most text books that examine the industrial revolution.
Coal Powered a Revolution A revolution involves vast changes over a short period of time. You've heard about the Revolutionary War, when the United States became independent from Great Britain. The Industrial Revolution was a different type of revolution. The changes involved technology, the economy, and how people worked and made things. Machines and factories were used to make things. Railroads were used for transportation. Coal powered the steam engines that ran the machines and also provided heat for homes.
Coal, Steam, and the Industrial Revolution While revolutionary wars were establishing new countries around the world, a different kind of revolution was happening in industry. For thousands of years, people didn't travel faster than horseback. Most didn't live past their thirties or own things produced in other parts of the world. Electricity, cars, and fresh fruit in February are all the results of the Industrial Revolution.
Child Labour
Child Labor During the late 1800s and early 1900s, children throughout the United States and Britain worked in factories. This web page offers a detailed history of early child labor. Learn about the early laws designed to curtail child labor, and why they didn't work. Also discover the passionate reform efforts to end this practice, including Lewis Hine's haunting photographs.
Childhood Lost: Child Labor During the Industrial Revolution In the wave of industrial growth that followed the Civil War, a few men became wealthy entrepreneurs and a small portion of American society became middle class. Millions of new immigrants and farm families converged on urban areas to find jobs. With long hours and scarce pay, the only way to keep a family out of poverty was for everyone to work. That included children, who worked 10 to 14-hour days in factories with dangerous machinery or toxic fumes.
Children and the Workhouse At the height of the famine in Ireland the number of children living in workhouses was increasing. The reason for this increase was a combination of fatal illnesses that were affecting the middle aged and elderly and also the large amount of parents abandoning their children. The various reasons for parents abandoning their children are discussed along with the realities of having these children live in workhouses.
History of Child Labor As the Industrial Revolution produced machines that replaced hand labor, factory owners discovered that children could run these machines for less money than adults. Though employment for children was not new, the working conditions in factories were poor, with long hours and dirty conditions. Two million American children were working 50 hours or more a week by 1810.
Women in the Industrial Age
The Plight of Women's Work in the Early Industrial Revolution in England and Wales During the Industrial Revolution, women needed to find work outside of the home for the first time. A collection of testimonies from this time period was gathered by investigators who visited mills to observe the employment of women and children. These testimonies are said to prove a number of points. You can see for yourself if these points were proven by reading the documents about textile workers, miners, and seamstresses.
Women at Work: Manual Labor In addition to caring for children and farms, women in colonial times often worked in cottage industries producing textiles or food products. Rural women earned supplemental income doing outwork in the early 19th century. With industrialization, production no longer occurred in the home. Machinery allowed unskilled workers to take part in production, but they had to work in factories.
The Irish Potato Famine
Immigrants and Exiles As famine struck Ireland, disease and death followed. Both living and dead had skeleton-like frames. People of all ages died. Part of the problem was that farms once big enough to support a family had been divided between many children. Overcrowding was common. Many Irish went to Scotland to escape starvation, but faced discrimination and poor jobs. The Scottish Highlands were also overcrowded. People went to Australia or Canada, where land was cheap.
Ireland's Great Famine In 1846 and 1848, a fungus or blight destroyed nearly all of the Irish potato crop, with partial failures in the surrounding years. The dependence on the potato crop for sustenance among Ireland's poor led to wide-scale famine. Although the potato crop failed throughout Europe during this time, only in Ireland did the potato blight cause such cataclysmic devastation to the population.
Irish Potato Famine During the Irish Potato Famine, about 1 million people left Ireland in order to avoid starvation. They traveled to Great Britain and North America in hopes of starting a new life. The trip to North America took about a month traveling by sea. To learn more about the Irish Potato Famine, log on to this insightful web page. Today, about 40 million Americans are Irish descendants. Here you will have fun as you take an interactive journey and learn about the Irish Potato Famine.
The Famine This interactive web site will give you a lot of information about the Potato Famine in Ireland from 1845- 1850, and some general information about famines. Click on the potatoes to learn about different parts of the famine. You will learn about the disease, the workhouses, people who left Ireland, and how the government tried to help the people. There are many pictures, drawings, and photographs to read about along the way. There are also games you can play.
The Famine and the Irish Race Irish people left their county in the mid-1800s to escape religious persecution, poverty, famine and death. Some came for adventure. It is estimated that over 4.5 million Irish people arrived in the United States between the 1840s and the 1920s. This article from the Understanding Race web site discusses the different groups of European immigrants and explains the reasons for and the causes of the potato famine.
The Irish Famine A natural disaster of astonishing degree, a million people died in the span of five years, while two million emigrated to other countries, in what has become known as the Great Irish Potato Famine. Discover how a fungus invading potato plants combined with poor government and caused more than one-third of the population to be robbed of their sustenance for five years.
The Irish Potato Famine The staple food of the Irish diet was devastated in the mid-19th century, as a blight turned potatoes into a rotten mess. Discover some of the causes that were proposed by experts, as you learn about the real causes. Investigate the wide range of diseases encompassed by what was called famine fever. Within a decade, the famine made a huge impact on the population. Explore social causes and the lack of intervention by the British government that worsened the situation.
The Irish Potato Famine, 1847 The potato is credited with doubling the population of Ireland from 1780 to 1945. Learn how one-third of Ireland's population came to be dependent on the potato for nourishment. The Eyewitness to History web site describes the potato blight that arrived in September 1845. Discover how the blight was brought to Ireland, how much of the crop was lost and how many people died. Read one person's account of this terrible time in Ireland's history.
Business, Trade, Capitalism
2: Birth of the Socialist Idea The socialism idea and movement first took root in France, with the popular-democratic revolution, and in England, in response to the Industrial Revolution. In Paris, the poor united against the oppressive monarchy and aristocracy. Some were simply looking for freedom to own property and others saw the necessity of equality, in sharing the work and the wealth.
A Century of Expansion A discussion involving the Industrial Revolution includes information on the economic and political revolutions that were in progress during 1800. It tells you all about Scottish economist, Adam Smith and his radically new ideas that were published in The Wealth of Nations. It also tells you about Samuel Slater and his story of secret emigration that led him to the invention of water powered textile production. Information on the Lowell textile industry is also provided as well.
Capitalism and Socialism The Industrial Revolution led to capitalism, mass production, and the consumer culture. The negative aspects of capitalism led to the rise of socialism, implementing the ideals of Karl Marx for the working class. The focus of capitalism is efficiency, even if efficiency is costly to workers. Although primarily an economic system, it also influences culture. Capitalism is also about innovation, investment, and profit.
How Capitalism Emerged in Europe Before capitalism in Europe, feudalism existed. Feudalism was ended with the creation of the working class. The working class was able to create their own goods with their own tools instead of relying on the government. While securing capital was difficult at first, the working class was able to tap into religious groups and even forced labor. The Industrial Revolution allowed many working class individuals to create products and become the leading producer, raising their social standing.
Socialism In socialism, the group or government owns and manages the system for making and distributing products. While capitalism stresses personal property and profit, socialism emphasizes cooperation and social services that help others according to their needs. During the Industrial Revolution, factory owners got rich while workers stayed poor. More and more people begin to think socialism might be a good idea. They thought it could get rid of poverty.
The Industrial Revolution The rise of capitalism in America is illustrated at this site about the Industrial Revolution. Experience the commercial development, technological innovation, and industrial growth in America during the 19th century. Learn about the origins of the factory system, and find out how improvements in transportation across the country contributed to the economic changes. Significant people are described. View a map to see the growth of transportation networks.
The Rise of Capitalism and the Development of Europe Analyze how the transatlantic slave trade and colonialism helped Europe in the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial society. The flow of people and materials from colonies and the slave trade made European countries wealthy. Instead of focusing on land like the feudal system, capitalism focuses on all the things that can contribute to profits. People can invest their money to make even more money, but they also might lose it.
Improvement to Forms of Transportation
How Steam Engines Work If you have ever heard about the steam engine you likely know that it was used to power many different devices, from steam boats to factories, and made way for the Industrial revolution. On this web site you will be able to see just how steam engines function and examine helpful pictures and animations of the engines at work. In just four short pages, you will become an expert at understanding these amazing machines.
Steam Power The Rocket was a steam locomotive built in 1822 by a man named George Stephenson. Read about the man who designed better steam engines with more power. Discover why the Rocket became famous in 1829 when it reached a never before heard of speed of 24 miles per hour. Be sure to click through and enlarge the images at this site from Britain's National Archives to see an image of the locomotive and a diagram of the specifications drawn by Stephenson.
Trains Hop aboard a train at the Kids Discover web site to learn about this fascinating form of transportation. You can follow the history of trains from the first ones that ran on wooden tracks and were pulled by horses or people to the high speed trains that are used today. Find out how the invention of the steam engine changed the history of train transportation. The article explains how railway systems rapidly grew and that by 1916,
UK Canal History - The Eighteenth Century - Canal Mania Late 18th century England trade and commerce flourished. Industry moved from craftsmen to cottage industries to factories, as merchants mass-produced large quantities of low-quality goods. Communication and transportation needed to expand to get raw materials to the factories and goods to the consumers. Francis Egerton built the Bridgewater Canal from his coal mines to Manchester, and greatly increased his profits. Others followed his lead, and 2,000 miles of canals were built by 1815.
Factory System
Engels' Description of Factory Conditions, 1844 A political theorist, Friedrich Engels helped Karl Marx write The Communist Manifesto. Engels used revolutionary language in his own first book, The Condition of the Working Class in England. He believed that capitalism was used as an excuse to exploit the poor. Living in Manchester during the industrial revolution, he discovered the workers' experiences. He describes the feeble infants born to teenage women forced to work through pregnancy and the effects of the fibrous dust on lungs.
Industrial Revolution The first Industrial Revolution brought steam-powered machines and factories, but the second Industrial Revolution introduced new technology for mass production. The factory system changed life for workers, and often not for the better. Industrial capitalists saw their profits soar. Electricity, steel, and petroleum spurred the development of industry. Monopolies developed as large companies controlled all stages of production, from raw materials to retail.
Politics
Effects of the Industrial Revolution on Politics With the Industrial Revolution arose a powerful middle class in Britain, necessitating electoral reform. Wealthy aristocrats were joined by middle class factory owners in electoral districts, yet the workers remained unrepresented. Chartism, a political ideology, gained support among the workers in England, even while France engaged in open rebellion and overthrew the government. The Industrial Revolution also introduced liberalism.
Population on the Move; Displacement and Urbanization
Crime 1750-1900: Did the Industrial Revolution Lead to More Crime? This series of case studies based on materials in the British National Archives answer questions about the types of crimes committed in Great Britain, the ways that law enforcement sought to prevent them, and the legal and social consequences of criminal activity. The case studies are arranged by time period covering: before 1450, 1450 to 1750, 1750 to 1900, and the 20th century.
History Trails: Victorian Britain Victorian Britain was impacted by the Industrial Revolution, urban living, and women's rights. This incredible resource offers you insight as to what it was like to live during the Victorian era. You have the opportunity to read articles, play some fascinating, interactive games, and quiz yourself on your newly found knowledge. You will find an abundance of information related to the industry and inventions of the time, social condition, employment, education and health, and women's roles.
Industrial Revolution Bringing vast changes to the way people worked and lived, the Industrial Revolution began in England in the mid-18th century. Manufacturing replaced agriculture as the dominant means of making a living as technology accelerated. Explore how the Industrial Revolution brought urbanization, higher standards of living, increased trade, exploitation of workers, and unemployment. Analyze how it is responsible for both the wonders of science and the horrors of war.
Urban Conditions Cheap housing located near factories was in demand during the Industrial Revolution, but often what employers provided were poorly build houses that turned into slums as soon as they were occupied. You will learn about the homes that were built during this time period and some of the unimaginable conditions that were tolerated. One effect of these conditions, cholera, is also discussed. Links to additional information on the Industrial Revolution are located at the bottom of the page.
The Poor
Industrial Revolution and the Standard of Living Many people these days are very concerned with the cost and standard of living. They want to be assured that the economy is going to continue to improve, thereby improving the standard of life for many people. On this web site you can read an article that goes all the way back to the 17th century to take a look at the Industrial Revolution and discover the effect that the Revolution had on England's economy and standard of living.
Poverty and Families in the Victorian Era The Victorian era saw a huge growth in the population of the United Kingdom. But with this growth came other problems, one of which was poverty. Now you can explore the effect of poverty on families and children during the Victorian era with this site's article. The article examines the causes that led to poverty in Victorian society and addresses the many problems that came as a result. Topics covered include employment search, child labor, housing shortages and slum housing, overcrowding,
Find a list of all the books on the Industrial Revolution that are in Clayton Heights Library.
Suggested Websites
Industrial Revolution The term industrial revolution refers to the shift from a traditionally agriculturally based economy to one based on the mechanized production of manufactured goods in large-scale enterprises. As explained on this web site, the industrial revolution occurred at different times in different countries. You will learn about the specifics of the industrial revolution in Great Britain where the first one occurred. New social and vocational classes emerged, and the organization of work changed.
The Industrial Revolution Investigate the possible origins of the word sabotage from the early factories and railroads of France. Before the Industrial Revolution, most people in Britain worked as small farmers. Steam pumps were used in mining instead of hauling water one bucket at a time. Inventions improved weaving efficiency, taking textiles out of the cottages and into mills. In America, muskets and lumber began to be made in factories.
Victorians The Victorian era is known as a time when Great Britain was extremely powerful and dominated the industrial world and this collection of resources allows you to comprehend what life was like in Great Britain during this time period. You will find a wide variety of information on the people, events, and many changes that shaped history.
World History: The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in the early 19th century. In the Neolithic Revolution, people went from nomadic hunter-gatherers to agrarian society. They were living on farms and bartering with their neighbors. The Industrial Revolution was the urbanization and mechanicalization of a rural, agricultural society. People moved to cities to find jobs, worked in factories, and began to buy consumer goods.
The Textile Industry
Water Power and the Cotton Factory: Richard Arkwright at Cromford Come see a fantastic look at the town of Cromford, England which is known as the place where Sir Richard Arkwright developed cotton manufacturing. This is not your average slide show for it contains magnificent descriptions of each of the places discussed. We get a chance to see Masson Mill and the community developed for the workers complete with rowhouses and a school.
Weaving a Fine Web The invention of the flying shuttle in 1733 had a major impact on textiles and the Industrial Revolution. Because of John Kay’s invention, wider pieces of textiles could now be made at a faster rate of production. But this was not always good news for John Kay. In the years following his invention, manufacturers began duplicating the flying shuttle and Kay never received any of the royalties.
Coal Industry
Coal and the Industrial Revolution The story of coal is said to have the answers needed to explain the nature of today's fossil-fueled world, but this story seems to be missing in most text books that examine the industrial revolution.
Coal Powered a Revolution A revolution involves vast changes over a short period of time. You've heard about the Revolutionary War, when the United States became independent from Great Britain. The Industrial Revolution was a different type of revolution. The changes involved technology, the economy, and how people worked and made things. Machines and factories were used to make things. Railroads were used for transportation. Coal powered the steam engines that ran the machines and also provided heat for homes.
Coal, Steam, and the Industrial Revolution While revolutionary wars were establishing new countries around the world, a different kind of revolution was happening in industry. For thousands of years, people didn't travel faster than horseback. Most didn't live past their thirties or own things produced in other parts of the world. Electricity, cars, and fresh fruit in February are all the results of the Industrial Revolution.
Child Labour
Child Labor During the late 1800s and early 1900s, children throughout the United States and Britain worked in factories. This web page offers a detailed history of early child labor. Learn about the early laws designed to curtail child labor, and why they didn't work. Also discover the passionate reform efforts to end this practice, including Lewis Hine's haunting photographs.
Childhood Lost: Child Labor During the Industrial Revolution In the wave of industrial growth that followed the Civil War, a few men became wealthy entrepreneurs and a small portion of American society became middle class. Millions of new immigrants and farm families converged on urban areas to find jobs. With long hours and scarce pay, the only way to keep a family out of poverty was for everyone to work. That included children, who worked 10 to 14-hour days in factories with dangerous machinery or toxic fumes.
Children and the Workhouse At the height of the famine in Ireland the number of children living in workhouses was increasing. The reason for this increase was a combination of fatal illnesses that were affecting the middle aged and elderly and also the large amount of parents abandoning their children. The various reasons for parents abandoning their children are discussed along with the realities of having these children live in workhouses.
History of Child Labor As the Industrial Revolution produced machines that replaced hand labor, factory owners discovered that children could run these machines for less money than adults. Though employment for children was not new, the working conditions in factories were poor, with long hours and dirty conditions. Two million American children were working 50 hours or more a week by 1810.
Women in the Industrial Age
The Plight of Women's Work in the Early Industrial Revolution in England and Wales During the Industrial Revolution, women needed to find work outside of the home for the first time. A collection of testimonies from this time period was gathered by investigators who visited mills to observe the employment of women and children. These testimonies are said to prove a number of points. You can see for yourself if these points were proven by reading the documents about textile workers, miners, and seamstresses.
Women at Work: Manual Labor In addition to caring for children and farms, women in colonial times often worked in cottage industries producing textiles or food products. Rural women earned supplemental income doing outwork in the early 19th century. With industrialization, production no longer occurred in the home. Machinery allowed unskilled workers to take part in production, but they had to work in factories.
The Irish Potato Famine
Immigrants and Exiles As famine struck Ireland, disease and death followed. Both living and dead had skeleton-like frames. People of all ages died. Part of the problem was that farms once big enough to support a family had been divided between many children. Overcrowding was common. Many Irish went to Scotland to escape starvation, but faced discrimination and poor jobs. The Scottish Highlands were also overcrowded. People went to Australia or Canada, where land was cheap.
Ireland's Great Famine In 1846 and 1848, a fungus or blight destroyed nearly all of the Irish potato crop, with partial failures in the surrounding years. The dependence on the potato crop for sustenance among Ireland's poor led to wide-scale famine. Although the potato crop failed throughout Europe during this time, only in Ireland did the potato blight cause such cataclysmic devastation to the population.
Irish Potato Famine During the Irish Potato Famine, about 1 million people left Ireland in order to avoid starvation. They traveled to Great Britain and North America in hopes of starting a new life. The trip to North America took about a month traveling by sea. To learn more about the Irish Potato Famine, log on to this insightful web page. Today, about 40 million Americans are Irish descendants. Here you will have fun as you take an interactive journey and learn about the Irish Potato Famine.
The Famine This interactive web site will give you a lot of information about the Potato Famine in Ireland from 1845- 1850, and some general information about famines. Click on the potatoes to learn about different parts of the famine. You will learn about the disease, the workhouses, people who left Ireland, and how the government tried to help the people. There are many pictures, drawings, and photographs to read about along the way. There are also games you can play.
The Famine and the Irish Race Irish people left their county in the mid-1800s to escape religious persecution, poverty, famine and death. Some came for adventure. It is estimated that over 4.5 million Irish people arrived in the United States between the 1840s and the 1920s. This article from the Understanding Race web site discusses the different groups of European immigrants and explains the reasons for and the causes of the potato famine.
The Irish Famine A natural disaster of astonishing degree, a million people died in the span of five years, while two million emigrated to other countries, in what has become known as the Great Irish Potato Famine. Discover how a fungus invading potato plants combined with poor government and caused more than one-third of the population to be robbed of their sustenance for five years.
The Irish Potato Famine The staple food of the Irish diet was devastated in the mid-19th century, as a blight turned potatoes into a rotten mess. Discover some of the causes that were proposed by experts, as you learn about the real causes. Investigate the wide range of diseases encompassed by what was called famine fever. Within a decade, the famine made a huge impact on the population. Explore social causes and the lack of intervention by the British government that worsened the situation.
The Irish Potato Famine, 1847 The potato is credited with doubling the population of Ireland from 1780 to 1945. Learn how one-third of Ireland's population came to be dependent on the potato for nourishment. The Eyewitness to History web site describes the potato blight that arrived in September 1845. Discover how the blight was brought to Ireland, how much of the crop was lost and how many people died. Read one person's account of this terrible time in Ireland's history.
Business, Trade, Capitalism
2: Birth of the Socialist Idea The socialism idea and movement first took root in France, with the popular-democratic revolution, and in England, in response to the Industrial Revolution. In Paris, the poor united against the oppressive monarchy and aristocracy. Some were simply looking for freedom to own property and others saw the necessity of equality, in sharing the work and the wealth.
A Century of Expansion A discussion involving the Industrial Revolution includes information on the economic and political revolutions that were in progress during 1800. It tells you all about Scottish economist, Adam Smith and his radically new ideas that were published in The Wealth of Nations. It also tells you about Samuel Slater and his story of secret emigration that led him to the invention of water powered textile production. Information on the Lowell textile industry is also provided as well.
Capitalism and Socialism The Industrial Revolution led to capitalism, mass production, and the consumer culture. The negative aspects of capitalism led to the rise of socialism, implementing the ideals of Karl Marx for the working class. The focus of capitalism is efficiency, even if efficiency is costly to workers. Although primarily an economic system, it also influences culture. Capitalism is also about innovation, investment, and profit.
How Capitalism Emerged in Europe Before capitalism in Europe, feudalism existed. Feudalism was ended with the creation of the working class. The working class was able to create their own goods with their own tools instead of relying on the government. While securing capital was difficult at first, the working class was able to tap into religious groups and even forced labor. The Industrial Revolution allowed many working class individuals to create products and become the leading producer, raising their social standing.
Socialism In socialism, the group or government owns and manages the system for making and distributing products. While capitalism stresses personal property and profit, socialism emphasizes cooperation and social services that help others according to their needs. During the Industrial Revolution, factory owners got rich while workers stayed poor. More and more people begin to think socialism might be a good idea. They thought it could get rid of poverty.
The Industrial Revolution The rise of capitalism in America is illustrated at this site about the Industrial Revolution. Experience the commercial development, technological innovation, and industrial growth in America during the 19th century. Learn about the origins of the factory system, and find out how improvements in transportation across the country contributed to the economic changes. Significant people are described. View a map to see the growth of transportation networks.
The Rise of Capitalism and the Development of Europe Analyze how the transatlantic slave trade and colonialism helped Europe in the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial society. The flow of people and materials from colonies and the slave trade made European countries wealthy. Instead of focusing on land like the feudal system, capitalism focuses on all the things that can contribute to profits. People can invest their money to make even more money, but they also might lose it.
Improvement to Forms of Transportation
How Steam Engines Work If you have ever heard about the steam engine you likely know that it was used to power many different devices, from steam boats to factories, and made way for the Industrial revolution. On this web site you will be able to see just how steam engines function and examine helpful pictures and animations of the engines at work. In just four short pages, you will become an expert at understanding these amazing machines.
Steam Power The Rocket was a steam locomotive built in 1822 by a man named George Stephenson. Read about the man who designed better steam engines with more power. Discover why the Rocket became famous in 1829 when it reached a never before heard of speed of 24 miles per hour. Be sure to click through and enlarge the images at this site from Britain's National Archives to see an image of the locomotive and a diagram of the specifications drawn by Stephenson.
Trains Hop aboard a train at the Kids Discover web site to learn about this fascinating form of transportation. You can follow the history of trains from the first ones that ran on wooden tracks and were pulled by horses or people to the high speed trains that are used today. Find out how the invention of the steam engine changed the history of train transportation. The article explains how railway systems rapidly grew and that by 1916,
UK Canal History - The Eighteenth Century - Canal Mania Late 18th century England trade and commerce flourished. Industry moved from craftsmen to cottage industries to factories, as merchants mass-produced large quantities of low-quality goods. Communication and transportation needed to expand to get raw materials to the factories and goods to the consumers. Francis Egerton built the Bridgewater Canal from his coal mines to Manchester, and greatly increased his profits. Others followed his lead, and 2,000 miles of canals were built by 1815.
Factory System
Engels' Description of Factory Conditions, 1844 A political theorist, Friedrich Engels helped Karl Marx write The Communist Manifesto. Engels used revolutionary language in his own first book, The Condition of the Working Class in England. He believed that capitalism was used as an excuse to exploit the poor. Living in Manchester during the industrial revolution, he discovered the workers' experiences. He describes the feeble infants born to teenage women forced to work through pregnancy and the effects of the fibrous dust on lungs.
Industrial Revolution The first Industrial Revolution brought steam-powered machines and factories, but the second Industrial Revolution introduced new technology for mass production. The factory system changed life for workers, and often not for the better. Industrial capitalists saw their profits soar. Electricity, steel, and petroleum spurred the development of industry. Monopolies developed as large companies controlled all stages of production, from raw materials to retail.
Politics
Effects of the Industrial Revolution on Politics With the Industrial Revolution arose a powerful middle class in Britain, necessitating electoral reform. Wealthy aristocrats were joined by middle class factory owners in electoral districts, yet the workers remained unrepresented. Chartism, a political ideology, gained support among the workers in England, even while France engaged in open rebellion and overthrew the government. The Industrial Revolution also introduced liberalism.
Population on the Move; Displacement and Urbanization
Crime 1750-1900: Did the Industrial Revolution Lead to More Crime? This series of case studies based on materials in the British National Archives answer questions about the types of crimes committed in Great Britain, the ways that law enforcement sought to prevent them, and the legal and social consequences of criminal activity. The case studies are arranged by time period covering: before 1450, 1450 to 1750, 1750 to 1900, and the 20th century.
History Trails: Victorian Britain Victorian Britain was impacted by the Industrial Revolution, urban living, and women's rights. This incredible resource offers you insight as to what it was like to live during the Victorian era. You have the opportunity to read articles, play some fascinating, interactive games, and quiz yourself on your newly found knowledge. You will find an abundance of information related to the industry and inventions of the time, social condition, employment, education and health, and women's roles.
Industrial Revolution Bringing vast changes to the way people worked and lived, the Industrial Revolution began in England in the mid-18th century. Manufacturing replaced agriculture as the dominant means of making a living as technology accelerated. Explore how the Industrial Revolution brought urbanization, higher standards of living, increased trade, exploitation of workers, and unemployment. Analyze how it is responsible for both the wonders of science and the horrors of war.
Urban Conditions Cheap housing located near factories was in demand during the Industrial Revolution, but often what employers provided were poorly build houses that turned into slums as soon as they were occupied. You will learn about the homes that were built during this time period and some of the unimaginable conditions that were tolerated. One effect of these conditions, cholera, is also discussed. Links to additional information on the Industrial Revolution are located at the bottom of the page.
The Poor
Industrial Revolution and the Standard of Living Many people these days are very concerned with the cost and standard of living. They want to be assured that the economy is going to continue to improve, thereby improving the standard of life for many people. On this web site you can read an article that goes all the way back to the 17th century to take a look at the Industrial Revolution and discover the effect that the Revolution had on England's economy and standard of living.
Poverty and Families in the Victorian Era The Victorian era saw a huge growth in the population of the United Kingdom. But with this growth came other problems, one of which was poverty. Now you can explore the effect of poverty on families and children during the Victorian era with this site's article. The article examines the causes that led to poverty in Victorian society and addresses the many problems that came as a result. Topics covered include employment search, child labor, housing shortages and slum housing, overcrowding,
Websites and summaries source: Webpath Express.